Journal of Health & Aging is the official journal of Thong Nhat Hospital, aimed at introducing and updating knowledge about the care and protection of elderly people's health. It is published 12 issues per year. The journal publishes research papers and review articles in the fields of basic medicine, clinical medicine, preventive medicine, public health and medical sociology, with the goal of improving knowledge and practice in medical specialties. Journal information Publishing license: 17/GP-BVHTTDL p-ISSN: 3093-3102; e-ISSN: 3093-3110 Publication frequency: issues/year DOI prefix: 10.63947 Plagiarism detection tool applied: Ithenticate. Articles with a plagiarism rate greater than 25% will not be considered for evaluation. Journal homepage: https://tcsuckhoelaohoa.vn Hospital homepage: https://bvtn.org.vn Peer review process Manuscripts within the scope of publication that meet the requirements of the manuscript preparation guidelines will be sent to the editorial board members in charge. The manuscripts will then undergo a double-blind peer review process by at least 2 independent experts in the corresponding field. The editorial board member in charge will make a decision before being approved by the Editor-in-Chief. Confidentiality commitment Journal of Health & Aging is committed to implementing and complying with legal regulations and related guidelines on the confidentiality of personal information. The information users enter into the forms on the Journal's Online Publishing Management System is only used for purposes within the journal's scope of publication and will not be provided to any other third parties, or used for any other purposes. Research ethics: Research directly reflects the quality of the authors' work and the supporting institutions. To be published, articles are peer-reviewed and evaluated according to the rigorous and scientific process set out by Journal of Health & Aging - Thong Nhat Hospital. Therefore, it is important to standardize and ensure ethical standards for all parties involved in publishing activities: authors, journal editors, reviewers, publishers and the community of journals owned or funded by society.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INTERVENTION ON SURFACE CLEANING QUALITY USING THE FLUORESCENT MARKER METHOD IN TWO DEPARTMENS – THE DEPARTMENT OF VIP AND THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (SERVICE SECTOR) AT THONG NHAT HOSPITAL
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Fluorescent marker, surface cleaning quality, cleaning staff knowledge, intervention, wipes, Thong Nhat Hospital The objective of this study was to use the fluorescent marker method to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at improving environmental surface cleaning quality, while also investigating the correlation between cleaning staff’s awareness of protocols and the adequate provision of cleaning supplies (wipes and chemicals) at Thong Nhat Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with intervention was conducted on 446 high-touch surface locations at the Department of Internal Medicine (Service sector) and the Department of VIP (Senior Officials Treatment). Hygiene quality was assessed using the fluorescent marker method, comparing results before and after interventions that included staff retraining on knowledge and the supplementation of cleaning tools (wipes). Results: The proportion of completely cleaned surfaces increased significantly from 45.6% pre-intervention to 79.4% post-intervention. Post-intervention cleanliness rates across surface groups ranged from 63.8% to 89.2%, significantly higher than the pre-intervention range (22.8% - 62.3%). Additionally, the percentage of staff mastering the protocols rose from 68% to 82%, and the average number of wipes used per room increased from 2.42 to 3.63. Conclusion: The fluorescent marker method serves as an objective tool that reflects the actual quality of environmental hygiene more accurately than visual observation. The findings confirm the positive impact of knowledge training and the provision of adequate cleaning supplies in improving hospital surface cleaning quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Journal of Health and Aging. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
KNOWLEDGE OF POSTPARTUM CONTRACEPTION AMONG MOTHERS AT THE DEPARTMENT OFOBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, TAY NGUYEN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Knowledge, Postpartum contraceptive, Mothers Postpartum contraception is vital for maternal and child health, yet counseling remains insufficient to meet actual needs. This study aims to determine the prevalence of correct knowledge and its associated factors among postpartum women at Tay Nguyen University Hospital in 2025. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 153 postpartum women with healthy infants at the Obstetrics Department of Tay Nguyen University Hospital from March to June 2025. The survey revealed that 13.7% of postpartum women possessed correct knowledge regarding contraception. Univariate logistic regression analysis identified several independent factors significantly associated with adequate knowledge levels, including age, residence, occupation, and parity (p < 0.05). Postpartum contraceptive knowledge among mothers remains low, with statistically significant differences observed across age groups, residency, occupations, and parity (p < 0.05).
PREVALENCE OF HOOKWORM INFECTION AMONG PUPILS AT Y JUT PRIMARY SCHOOL, LIEN SON LAK COMMUNE, DAK LAK PROVINCE IN 2025
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Hookworm, Primary school pupils, prevalence, Dak Lak Hookworm infection is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis that remains common among children in rural and mountainous areas, adversely affecting health and physical development. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hookworm infection among pupils at Y Jut Primary School, Lien Son Lak Commune, Lak District, Dak Lak Province, in 2025. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 218 pupils. Stool samples were examined using direct smear and Willis flotation techniques, and demographic and household information was collected using structured questionnaires. Results showed that 28 pupils were infected with hookworm, yielding an overall prevalence of 12.84%. The infection rate was higher in males than in females (15.69% vs. 10.34%). The prevalence among pupils in grades 3, 4, and 5 was 10.94%, 11.54%, and 15.79%, respectively, with the highest rate observed in grade 5. Pupils of the Ê Đê ethnic group had the highest prevalence (44.44%). Higher infection rates were also observed among pupils whose parents were illiterate (54.55%) and among those whose parents were farmers (15.24%). These findings indicate that hookworm infection remains a public health concern in the study area, emphasizing the need for strengthened health education, improved sanitation, and regular deworming programs for primary school pupils.
WHY DO SOME INDIVIDUALS MAINTAIN EXERCISE MORE EASILY THAN OTHERS? THE ROLE OF GENETIC FACTORS AND APPLICATIONS IN HEALTHCARE
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: physical activity, exercise behavior, genetics, dopaminergic system, personalization Physical activity behavior varies substantially among individuals and cannot be fully explained by environmental factors alone. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic factors play an important role in shaping individuals’ propensity to engage in and maintain exercise. This review aims to synthesize current evidence regarding the role of genetic factors in physical activity behavior. Relevant studies were identified through systematic searches of PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to 2025, focusing on human studies investigating the association between genetic factors and physical activity behavior. Multiple genetic loci associated with physical activity levels and behavioral tendencies have been identified. Neural mechanisms, particularly the dopaminergic system, appear to play a central role, alongside psychological mediators and gene–environment interactions. Exercise behavior is a multifactorial trait in which genetic factors contribute significantly but are not deterministic. Personalized approaches based on biological and behavioral characteristics hold promise for improving the effectiveness of physical activity interventions. <div class="intersub-ai-chat" style="color-scheme: initial; forced-color-adjust: initial; math-depth: initial; position-anchor: initial; text-size-adjust: initial; appearance: initial; color: initial; font: initial; font-palette: initial; font-synthesis: initial; position-area: initial; text-orientation: initial; text-rendering: initial; text-spacing-trim: initial; -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; -webkit-locale: initial; -webkit-text-orientation: initial; -webkit-writing-mode: initial; writing-mode: initial; zoom: initial; accent-color: initial; place-content: initial; place-items: initial; place-self: initial; alignment-baseline: initial; anchor-name: initial; anchor-scope: initial; animation-composition: initial; animation: initial; animation-trigger: initial; app-region: initial; aspect-ratio: initial; backdrop-filter: initial; 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APPLICATION OF WALANT TECHNIQUE IN UPPER EXTREMITY SURGERY AT VUNG TAU GENERAL HOSPITAL: A CASE SERIES REPORT
Section: Case Report Categories: Research Keywords: WALANT, upper extremity surgery, local anesthesia no tourniquet Traditional upper extremity surgery relies on tourniquets and sedation/general anesthesia. WALANT utilizes a mixture of lidocaine and epinephrine to achieve hemostasis and anesthesia without a tourniquet, allowing intraoperative active movement examination. Objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of WALANT in upper extremity surgery at Vung Tau General Hospital. A report of 4 clinical cases treated with WALANT. All surgeries were successful with minimal blood loss and excellent visualization. Patients reported minimal pain, no tourniquet discomfort, and successfully performed intraoperative active movements to verify surgical repairs. No complications such as necrosis or toxicity occurred. WALANT is a safe, effective, and cost-efficient approach, enabling intraoperative functional assessment and facilitating early discharge
MICROINJECTION-BASED THERAPIES FOR MELASMA: CURRENT EVIDENCE AND PRACTICAL CLINICAL APPROACHES
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: melasma, microinjection, hyperpigmentation Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation disorder with multifactorial pathogenesis, involving melanocyte hyperactivity, low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular alterations. Current treatment modalities remain limited by suboptimal long-term efficacy and high recurrence rates. Intradermal microinjection has emerged as a promising approach to deliver active agents directly into the dermis and target multiple pathogenic pathways. Materials and methods: A narrative review was conducted by systematically searching biomedical databases for studies investigating the mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical applications of microinjection therapy in melasma. Results: Available evidence suggests that microinjection, particularly with tranexamic acid, significantly improves pigmentation by inhibiting melanogenesis, reducing inflammation, and modulating vascular factors. Compared to topical therapies, it provides faster clinical improvement, and compared to energy-based devices, it demonstrates a more favorable safety profile in darker skin types. However, sustained outcomes depend on combination strategies and strict control of triggering factors. Conclusion: Intradermal microinjection is a biologically plausible and clinically effective modality in melasma management. Optimization of technique and integration into multimodal treatment strategies are essential for achieving durable outcomes.
VALUE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (AI-QCT) IN ENHANCING DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY AND RISK STRATIFICATION OF CORONARY PLAQUE ON CCTA
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: AI-QCT, risk stratification, vulnerable plaque, CAD-RADS 2.0, non-obstructive coronary artery disease, CCTA This study aims to evaluate the role of Artificial Intelligence-enabled Quantitative Computed Tomography (AI-QCT) in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification compared to manual assessment using the CAD-RADS 2.0 standard in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery stenosis (<50%) via Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA). Data were extracted from PubMed, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect over the past six years. Selection criteria focused on clinical studies involving AI-QCT, high-risk plaque (HRP) characteristics, and the CAD-RADS 2.0 system. Results indicated that AI-QCT delivers superior performance, with sensitivity in detecting high-risk plaques ranging from 85% to 94%. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) for cardiovascular risk stratification reached 0.8 to 0.93. The integration of AI-QCT into CCTA analysis and the CAD-RADS 2.0 framework holds a dual strategic value: eradicating subjective bias to optimize risk stratification, while establishing a core foundation for personalizing preventive therapies and enhancing long-term clinical outcomes.
APPLICATION OF SPECTRAL CT IN ONCOLOGY AT THONG NHAT HOSPITAL
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: CT phổ, bệnh lý ung bướu, hình ảnh đơn sắc ảo Spectral computed tomography (Spectral CT) is an advanced technology that is increasingly being applied in oncology. Spectral CT allows for tissue characterization beyond that of conventional CT as imaging is performed using different energy spectra that can help differentiate tissues based on their specific attenuation properties at different X-ray energies. The most common post-processing applications of Spectral CT include virtual monoenergetic images (MONO-E), iodine density overlay, virtual non-contrast images (VNC), and calcium supprression image. The diverse image sets obtained from Spectral CT offer numerous advantages, such as enhanced lesion detection and characterization, accurate determination of material composition, reduced iodine contrast dose, and reduced artifacts. These versatile applications play an increasingly important role in tumor evaluation and oncologic imaging, including the diagnosis of primary tumors, local and metastatic staging, post-treatment monitoring, and management of complications. This paper provides an overview of the main applications, post-processing techniques, and demonstrate some clinical cases from Thong Nhat Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City to highlight the role of Spectral CT in the management of cancer patients.
KNOWLEDGE OF HPV AND CERVICAL CANCER AMONG MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL STUDENTS AT TAY NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: HPV, Cervical cancer, Students Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary causative agent of cervical cancer and genital warts, particularly prevalent in developing countries. Therefore, equipping medical and pharmaceutical students with in-depth knowledge of vaccine prevention is an urgent requirement to optimize the effectiveness of health counseling and community care. This study aimed to determine the rate of adequate knowledge regarding HPV and cervical cancer among students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tay Nguyen University, in 2025. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 210 medical and pharmaceutical students at Tay Nguyen University from March 2025 to June 2025. The proportion of students with adequate knowledge of HPV was high, accounting for 93.3%. However, knowledge regarding cervical cancer pathology remained limited, with only 38.6% of participants achieving an adequate level. While the majority of students demonstrated good knowledge of HPV and its vaccine, there is a significant need to improve specialized knowledge concerning cervical cancer and post-vaccination screening measures.
PREVENTIVE CARE IN THE ELDERLY: EVIDENCE UPDATE AND COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: Disease prevention, Older adult, Healthcare The global elderly population (≥60 years) is rapidly growing, projected to reach 2.1 billion by 2050. To review the latest evidence (2022–2025) on preventive care for older adults. Multicomponent interventions and the WHO ICOPE framework 2nd edition (2025) provide the foundation for standardized preventive geriatric care at primary care level.
APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Scientific research, Large Language Models In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly entered the scientific world and become an integral part of the research process: from formulating questions, reviewing literature, designing studies, and detecting bias, to writing data analysis code, creating charts, and drafting or editing scientific manuscripts. In other words, AI is transitioning from a “supplementary tool” to a “research assistant”. In this paper, the researcher discusses the applications of AI in scientific research from a practical perspective. The first part defines AI and Large Language Models. The subsequent sections present how to utilize AI in formulating research questions, constructing hypotheses, selecting study designs, identifying bias and confounding factors, analyzing data, and writing scientific papers.
RADIAL ARTERY ACCESS FOR CORONARY INTERVENTION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS: COMPLICATIONS AND RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, complications vascular access, elderly The number of elderly patients undergoing coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention is steadily increasing, creating an urgent need for effective management of vascular access complications, particularly important in geriatric patients with multiple specific risk factors. Although radial artery access is superior to femoral access in terms of bleeding and mortality, elderly patients remain at higher risk due to specific anatomical and physiological changes: arterial tortuosity, calcification, small luminal diameter, and reduced elasticity; coupled with frailty, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, impaired renal function, and coagulation disorders. This narrative review analyzes the incidence, pathophysiology, and risk reduction strategies for radial artery access complications in the elderly, including individualized approaches: geriatric risk assessment, ultrasound-guided puncture, slender sheaths, patent hemostasis techniques, distal radial access considerations, and optimized anticoagulation–antiplatelet therapy. Evidence from randomized trials, meta-analyses, and real-world data is synthesized, alongside an assessment of the current state and research gaps in Vietnam.
CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE AT THONG NHAT HOSPITAL
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: stroke among older adults, stroke risk factors, Acute ischemic stroke This study aimed to characterize the clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic features of ischemic stroke in patients aged 60 years and older treated at Thong Nhat Hospital. A prospective descriptive design was applied to 242 patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted with acute ischemic stroke to the Department of Neurology, Thong Nhat Hospital, between February and August 2025. The median age of the cohort was 71 years (69 years in males and 76 years in females). Males accounted for 63,4% of the sample. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor, present in 75,6% of patients, followed by diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, while atrial fibrillation was rare. The mean LDL-cholesterol level was 117,9 ± 50,7 mg/dl. At admission, low NIHSS scores (0–5) were observed in 58,8% of males and 57,3% of females. Favorable recovery (low NIHSS scores) after treatment was achieved in 80,4% of males and 64% of females. Female sex is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. The rate of reperfusion therapy was 21,1%. Among identifiable etiologies, small vessel disease was the most common, accounting for 26,4%. However, 47,9% of patients had undetermined causes. Ischemic stroke patients aged ≥60 years at Thong Nhat Hospital exhibit characteristics consistent with global trends, while also presenting distinctive features regarding risk factors and etiologies.
EVALUATION OF ENDOSCOPIC, CT SCAN FEATURES AND ATTACHMENT SITE OF KILLIAN’S POLYP
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Killian’s polyp, attachment site, maxillary sinus, CT scan Killian’s polyp (antrochoanal polyp) accounts for approximately 4% to 6% of all nasal polyps. However, the attachment site of Killian’s polyp is located within the maxillary sinus, making it difficult to visualize and access directly. According to a study by F. Galluzzi in 2018, the recurrence rate after surgery is 15%. Therefore, identifying the attachment site of Killian’s polyp is essential. Objective: To investigate the endoscopic and CT-scan characteristics, as well as the attachment site of Killian’s polyp. Materials and Methods: A case series study using both retrospective and prospective sampling methods. Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1.85:1. Most patients presented in the late stage, with 89.2% showing partial or complete obstruction of the choana. On CT scan, opacification of sinuses on the same side as the polyp was observed in the following order: maxillary sinus (100%), anterior ethmoid (67.6%), posterior ethmoid (41.5%), frontal sinus (24.3%), and sphenoid sinus (16.2%). An accessory maxillary sinus ostium was detected on the polyp side in 49% of cases and on the contralateral side in 16.2%, with a statistically significant association (p = 0.018 < 0.05). Among 37 patients with Killian’s polyp, 6 (16.2%) had contralateral maxillary sinus cysts. All six of these had small polyps within the maxillary sinus, and the attachment site was identifiable. In 16.2% of cases with partial opacification of the maxillary sinus on CT scan, the attachment site could be determined, whereas in 83.8% with complete opacification, the site could not be identified. Killian’s polyp most commonly originated from the medial wall (13 cases, 35.1%), followed by the posterior wall (9 cases, 24.3%), inferior wall (4 cases, 10.8%), and rarely from the anterior wall (3 cases, 8.1%). No cases originated from the superior wall of the maxillary sinus. During surgery, the accessory maxillary ostium was more clearly and accurately identified than on CT scans (59.5% vs. 49%). The presence of concha bullosa was not associated with Killian’s polyp (p > 0.05). Nasal septal deviation was observed in 20 of 37 cases (54%). There was no statistically significant correlation between the polyp’s side and the side of septal deviation (p = 0.501 > 0.05). Conclusion: Most patients presented at a late stage. Maxillary and ethmoid sinus opacification are the most common imaging findings in patients with Killian’s polyp. There is a statistically significant association between the presence of an accessory maxillary ostium and the side of the Killian’s polyp. The polyp attachment site is more clearly identified during surgery than on CT scans.
SUMMARY MONITORING SIX SIGMA AND QGI IN THE EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP OF QUALITY FOR SELECTED BIOCHEMICAL TESTS ON THE AU5800 ANALYZER SYSTEM
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Six Sigma, QGI, Au5800 To apply Six Sigma and Quality Goal Index (QGI) for evaluating and improving the quality of 10 routine biochemical tests (glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, ALT, GGT, calcium, magnesium, iron, CK) on the AU5800 analyzer at the Biochemistry Department, Thong Nhat Hospital. Subject and methods: he study utilized internal quality control (IQC) data from the AU5800 system at two control levels (Level 2 and Level 3) across two phases. Parameters such as bias, coefficient of variation (CV%), and Six Sigma metrics were calculated based on total allowable error (TEa), combined with analysis of the Quality Goal Index (QGI). Results: In Phase 1, 6/10 tests achieved a Sigma ≥4, while Urea and Creatinine had a Sigma of 2 with low QGI. In Phase 2, Sigma values for Urea and Creatinine improved to ≥ 3. Conclusion: The combination of Six Sigma and QGI enables early detection of errors, effective targeted improvement — especially for urea and creatinine — and demonstrates superior value and sustainability in the quality management of biochemical tests on the AU5800 analyzer.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH) is a common medical-surgical emergency with high morbidity and mortality rates. Rapid and accurate identification of the location and cause of bleeding is essential to guide timely intervention. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) has emerged as a modern, non-invasive imaging method capable of detecting active bleeding with high sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed to describe the CTA imaging characteristics in patients with GIH and evaluate the value of CTA in diagnosing and localizing hemorrhage. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, from May 2024 to May 2025, involving 31 patients ≥18 years old with suspected GIH who underwent CTA when endoscopy failed and were confirmed by endoscopy, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), or surgery. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Among 31 patients (71% male; mean age 62.5 ± 17.1 years), the most common CTA finding was contrast extravasation in the arterial phase >90 HU (38.7%), of which 50% showed changes in density and 33.3% showed morphological changes in the venous phase. Other findings included perienteric fat stranding (32.3%) and bowel wall enhancement (6.5%). CTA had a sensitivity of 73.9%, specificity of 87.5%, PPV of 94.4%, NPV of 53.9%, and accuracy of 77.4%. The most common bleeding site was the small bowel (27.8%). The main causes were ulceration (22.2%) and GIST tumors (16.7%). CTA is a highly valuable, non-invasive method for diagnosing and localizing GIH, particularly useful when endoscopy fails, with high specificity and good applicability in clinical practice.
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND RELATED FACTORS IN PATIENTS AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC GASTRECTOMY AT THONG NHAT HOSPITAL
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Laparoscopic gastrectomy, malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency, nutritional counseling, gastric cancer To describe nutritional status and selected related factors in patients after laparoscopic gastrectomy at Thong Nhat Hospital. This retrospective descriptive study included 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy from January 2021 to December 2024 and had available baseline and 3-month postoperative follow-up data. Variables included clinical characteristics, type of surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, gastrointestinal symptoms, dietary tolerance, oral nutritional supplement (ONS) use, micronutrient supplementation, anthropometric indices, and biochemical parameters. Nutritional status was classified using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Dietary intake was assessed from follow-up records/nutrition notes, focusing on meal frequency, tolerance, ONS use, and clinically recorded achievement of energy–protein intake. Given the retrospective design and small sample size, comparisons were considered exploratory and intended to describe between-group differences rather than infer causality. Most patients were male, with a mean age of nearly 60 years; gastric cancer was the main diagnosis. At 3 months postoperatively, patients had an average weight loss of approximately 9–10%, decreased BMI, and lower albumin and hemoglobin levels. Approximately 40% of patients were classified as malnourished or at risk by SGA. Common gastrointestinal symptoms included anorexia, nausea/vomiting, and dumping syndrome/symptoms suggestive of dumping. Malnutrition after laparoscopic gastrectomy requires proactive monitoring. Periodic screening, assessment of dietary tolerance, standardized nutritional counseling, appropriate micronutrient supplementation, and larger prospective studies are needed to further evaluate associated factors.
BOTULINUM TOXIN IN AESTHETIC CONTOURING: FROM FACIAL SLIMMING TO BODY CONTOURING
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: botulinum toxin, facial slimming, body contouring, non-invasive aesthetics Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is one of the key tools in non-invasive aesthetic contouring. Initially used primarily for the reduction of dynamic wrinkles, BTX-A is now widely applied in facial slimming and body contouring. However, differences in anatomical characteristics, muscle physiology, and treatment responses across anatomical regions have not yet been systematically synthesized. Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a narrative review, based on a structured search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies related to the application of BTX-A in facial and body aesthetic contouring. Results: BTX-A demonstrates significant effectiveness in reducing muscle volume and improving contour across various anatomical regions. Factors influencing outcomes include dosage, injection technique, muscle characteristics, and individual patient factors. Notably, substantial differences between facial and body contouring highlight the need for region-specific treatment approaches. Conclusion: BTX-A is an effective and safe modality in aesthetic contouring. Optimization of treatment outcomes requires a thorough understanding of anatomy, the mechanism of action, and individualized injection strategies. Future research should focus on dose standardization and the development of personalized treatment models to enhance both efficacy and safety.
EXERCISE TIMING, CIRCADIAN BIOLOGY, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR PERSONALIZED HEALTH STRATEGIES
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: exercise timing, chronotype, metabolism, sleep, physical performance Exercise is a cornerstone of health promotion, yet current guidelines primarily emphasize frequency, intensity, and duration, with limited attention to the timing of exercise. Emerging evidence suggests that physiological responses to exercise are modulated by circadian rhythms, potentially influencing performance, metabolic outcomes, and sleep quality. Materials and methods: A narrative review was conducted using studies retrieved from PubMed and Scopus, covering the period from 1996 to 2026. A total of relevant studies, including experimental studies, observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, were included. Results: Physical performance, particularly muscle strength and endurance, tends to peak in the afternoon or early evening, corresponding with higher core body temperature and optimal neuromuscular function. In contrast, morning exercise, especially in the fasted state, may enhance fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity, while evening exercise may improve postprandial glycemic control. Importantly, chronotype significantly influences these responses. Conclusion: There is no universal optimal time for exercise. Instead, aligning exercise timing with individual circadian characteristics may optimize physiological benefits. Future research should focus on long-term, stratified interventions to establish personalized exercise timing recommendations.
BISPHOSPHONATE INDUCED OSTEONECROSIS OFTHE JAWS
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Bisphosphonate, bisphosphonate induced osteonecrosis of the jaws (BIONJ) Bisphosphonate (BP) is a group of drugs used to treat osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, skeletal metastasis cancer. BP’s mechanism of action is to reduce bone resorption by inhibiting the osteoclasts activity. Therefore, the indication of BP is increasingly widespread and becomes the first class of drugs in the treatment of osteoporosis. At Frienship Hospital, over the past five years, we have encountered 12 cases of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) at various stages. The key message we wish to convey in this report is to kindly encourage close collaboration between internal medicine specialists and oral maxillofacial surgeons during bisphosphonate therapy, in order to minimize the risk of BRONJ complications for patients.
bisphosphonate induced osteonecrosis of the jaws (BIONJ)
OUTCOMES OF Z-PLASTY SURGERY IN FUNCTIONAL RESTORATION OF CONTRACTED FINGERS
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Z-plasty, finger contracture, five-flap Z-plasty, web space release, functional outcome, scar revision, hand surgery Finger contractures, resulting from burns, trauma, or congenital anomalies, often lead to significant functional impairment. Z-plasty is a versatile reconstructive technique used to release scar contractures while preserving local tissue characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes of different Z-plasty techniques in the surgical release of contracted fingers. We conducted a prospective descriptive case series involving 31 patients (38 fingers) undergoing Z-plasty for digital contractures. Depending on the location and severity of the contracture, three Z-plasty techniques were used: five-flap, double-opposing, and single 60° Z-plasty. Patients were followed for a mean of 5.6 months. Primary outcomes included range of motion (ROM), web space angle, and DASH scores. Complications and patient satisfaction (VAS) were also assessed. All techniques demonstrated significant improvements in finger extension and flexion. Mean extension deficit improved from −35.4° to −8.1°, and flexion increased from 62.3° to 81.7° (P < .001). The five-flap Z-plasty achieved the greatest gain in web space angle (from 24.2° to 46.8°). DASH scores decreased significantly from 47.6 to 21.8 (P < .001), with patient satisfaction increasing from 4.2 to 8.1 on VAS. Minor complications occurred in 5 patients (16.1%), with no cases of flap necrosis or wound infection. Z-plasty is an effective and low-risk technique for releasing digital contractures and restoring hand function. Five-flap and doubleopposing Z-plasty provide greater functional improvement in web space contractures, while single Z-plasty remains effective for linear joint contractures. These techniques offer reliable outcomes without the need for skin grafting, supporting their continued use in reconstructive hand surgery.
ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS, AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF COLONIC DIVERTICULITIS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY, THONG NHAT HOSPITAL
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: colonic diverticulitis, clinical features, CT-scan, WSES classification, medical treatment, surgery Colonic diverticulitis is increasing in Asia, yet data on clinical patterns in Vietnam remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, imaging characteristics, and treatment outcomes at Thong Nhat Hospital. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 105 patients from January 1 to September 1, 2025. Data on demographics, clinical features, laboratory tests, CT findings, WSES classification, treatment strategies, and outcomes were collected and analyzed using SPSS 26.0, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. The mean age was 53.9 ± 20.0 years, with 31.4% aged ≥65. Males accounted for 67.6%. The most common symptom was right lower quadrant pain (55.2%). CT revealed diverticula mainly in the sigmoid colon (40.0%), cecum (37.1%), and right colon (19.0%). WSES stages were: 1a (57.1%), 1b (19.0%), 2a (11.4%), 2b (7.6%), 3 (3.8%), and 4 (1.0%). Medical treatment was applied in 89.5% of cases, percutaneous drainage in 1.0%, and surgery in 9.5%. The mean hospital stay was 7.6 ± 4.4 days, significantly longer in complicated cases and those requiring invasive interventions (p < 0.05). Colonic diverticulitis in Vietnam often affects middle-aged males, with location varying by age: cecum/right colon in younger patients and sigmoid colon in the elderly. CT-scan plays a crucial role in diagnosis, staging, and guiding treatment.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MOTOR FUNCTION REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE USING PHYSIOTHERAPY COMBINED WITH ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AT THONG NHAT HOSPITAL, 2025
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Stroke, physiotherapy, electroacupuncture Stroke is the leading cause of severe disability among adults worldwide. In Vietnam, the burden is rising rapidly. The increasing incidence drives higher healthcare costs, reduced work capacity, and greater social pressures. Accordingly, post-stroke motor rehabilitation is a priority to reduce mortality and complications and limit disability. At Thống Nhất Hospital, physiotherapy combined with electroacupuncture has been used for years under the guidance of the Ministry of Health, with observed functional benefits. Still, its effectiveness has not been formally evaluated. This study aimed to generate evidence to guide regimen selection and optimise patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: A clinical interventional study without a control group was conducted, employing a pre- and post-treatment comparison. Eighty-six patients newly diagnosed with stroke within the preceding three months, receiving inpatient or outpatient care at the Departments of Rehabilitation, Emergency Interventional Cardiology, Neurology, and Traditional Medicine at Thống Nhất Hospital from January to October 2025, were included. Motor function recovery was assessed through manual muscle testing and the Barthel Index after 30 days of treatment. Results: The proportion with muscle strength grades 0–2 fell from 53.49% to 17.44%, whereas grades 4–5 rose from 29.07% to 59.30%. The mean Barthel Index increased from 44.24 ± 18.16 to 69.07 ± 17.90. Post-intervention classifications were completely independent, 12.79%; partially dependent, 76.74%; entirely dependent, 10.47%. Conclusion: Physiotherapy plus electroacupuncture appears safe and effective for post-stroke rehabilitation, improving muscle strength and independence in activities of daily living. Benefits extend beyond statistical significance to practical gains in quality of life and community reintegration.
TRANSTHYRETIN CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS REVEALED BY MULTIMODALITY IMAGING IN AN ELDERLY PATIENT WITH HFpEF
Section: Case Report Categories: Research Keywords: Amyloid cardiomyopathy, transthyretin, scintigraphy Amyloid cardiomyopathy is an infiltrative disease caused by extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils within the myocardium, most commonly from immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) or transthyretin (ATTR) sources, leading to progressive heart failure, arrhythmias, and conduction disturbances. We present the case of an 80-year-old man with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and comorbidities who was admitted for acute onset dyspnea accompanied by profound hypotension at home. Together with a non-clonal free light-chain profile, these findings supported a diagnosis of transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis. This case highlights the value of integrating electrocardiogram, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and bone-avid tracer scintigraphy to establish the diagnosis of ATTR cardiomyopathy and guide management in settings where disease-modifying therapy remains limited.Keywords: supraclavicular brachial plexus nerve block, adductor canal block, popliteal sciatic block, heart failure, limb amputation.
ASSESSMENT OF HEART FAILURE KNOWLEDGE IN OUTPATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AT THONG NHAT HOSPITAL
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Chronic heart failure, quality of life Chronic heart failure is one of the leading causes of hospitalizations, impaired quality of life, and increased socioeconomic burden. Adequate disease awareness and effective self-care are key factors in improving prognosis and reducing hospital readmissions. A crosssectional descriptive study was conducted from January 1 to May 31, 2025, involving 200 patients. The tools used included the Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale (DHFKS), a qualityof-life questionnaire, and a self-care assessment. Results: 66% of patients were aged ≥60 years, 94.5% had health insurance, and 78.5% resided in urban areas. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) accounted for 73.5%, significantly higher among patients aged ≥60 years (78.8%, p = 0.026). Hypertension (91%) and dyslipidemia (77%) were the most common comorbidities. A total of 78% of patients demonstrated good knowledge of heart failure. Regarding self-care behaviors, most adhered to a low-salt diet and regular weight monitoring, though physical activity remained suboptimal. Dyspnea and lower limb edema significantly impacted quality of life. When symptoms occurred, patients commonly contacted healthcare providers. Conclusions: The majority of outpatients with chronic heart failure demonstrated good disease awareness; however, improvements in self-care practices and multidimensional support are needed to enhance quality of life and reduce disease burden.
THE CONTROL OF SOME HORMONES RELATING TO CUTANEOUS AGING: MECHANISMS, MANIFESTATIONS, AND MANAGEMENT
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone To summarize current evidence on the interaction between endocrine factors and skin aging, with a focus on the role of hormones and endocrine pathways. This review was conducted through a literature search in PubMed using the keywords “hormone,” “skin aging,” and “cutaneous aging.” Studies addressing the role of hormones in age-related changes of skin physiology were reviewed and synthesized. Skin aging is closely associated with hormonal changes. In women, the sharp decline in estrogen during menopause is a central factor driving aging, leading to reduced collagen and elastin synthesis, dermal thinning, loss of hydration, and increased sensitivity to environmental stressors. In men, the gradual decrease in testosterone also contributes to skin aging, though typically less prominently. Overall, the evidence highlights hormones as key regulators of skin health and resilience. The changes of some hormones play an important role in the process of skin aging. These findings underscore the potential of future skin rejuvenation strategies targeting endocrine pathways.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PALLIATIVE CARENEEDS AMONG CANCER INPATIENTS AT TAY NGUYENREGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Palliative care, cancer, needs, associated factors, geriatric Cancer is an increasing health burden, particularly among older adults [14]. Palliative care (PC) plays a crucial role in improving patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to identify palliative care needs and associated factors among cancer patients at the Central Highlands Regional General Hospital in 2024. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 434 cancer patients aged ≥18 years hospitalized from January to September 2024. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 with multivariate logistic regression. Results: 88.2% of patients had palliative care needs. The highest needs included communication & social relationships (83.9%), physical support (81.8%), and psychological support (73.5%). Factors associated with higher needs included female gender (OR=3.21; p=0.001), rural residence (OR=2.61; p=0.004), unemployment/retirement (OR=3.07; p=0.001), metastatic cancer (OR=2.87; p=0.004), and presence of complications (OR=2.45; p=0.012). Conclusion: Most cancer patients, particularly older adults, have diverse palliative care needs. Integrating geriatric considerations into palliative care is essential to address physical, psychological, and social needs comprehensively, thereby improving quality of life and reducing healthcare burden.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, IMAGING, AND SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF CHRONIC SUBDURAL HEMATOMA AT LONG KHANH REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL FROM 2021 TO 2024
Section: Original Research Categories: Research Keywords: Chronic subdural hematoma, single burr hole, hematoma surgery Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common condition in the elderly, often associated with a prior history of trauma and progressively worsening symptoms if not diagnosed and treated promptly. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and surgical outcomes of patients with CSDH treated at Long Khanh Regional General Hospital from 2021 to 2024; A total of 34 patients diagnosed with CSDH underwent single-burr-hole surgical drainage between January 2021 and September 2024. The mean patient age was 68.4 ± 16.9 years, with males accounting for 88.2%. Trauma was the primary cause (52.9%), including falls in 29.4% of cases. Motor weakness was the most common symptom (64.7%), followed by headache (55.8%), altered consciousness (23.5%), and aphasia (20.6%). Most patients presented with mild traumatic brain injury (GCS 13–15, 76.5%), while coma was recorded in 8.8%. CT imaging showed a mean hematoma thickness of 21.1 ± 6.3 mm and a mean midline shift of 9.4 ± 4.8 mm; unilateral CSDH was observed in 70.6% of cases. All patients underwent single-burr-hole surgery. Postoperatively, 88.2% achieved a GCS of 15. There were no cases of infection or intraoperative bleeding. Recurrence occurred in four patients, including one requiring reoperation after three weeks; the mortality rate was 2.9%. The average hospital stay was 10.7 ± 5.4 days. At discharge, 73.5% of patients had good outcomes, and 73.5% returned to normal life within one month. In conclusion, single-burr-hole drainage for chronic subdural hematoma is effective, safe, and associated with favorable outcomes, low complication rates, and good functional recovery in most patients.
THE APPLICATION OF SPECTRAL CT IN THE EVALUATION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AT THONG NHAT HOSPITAL – HO CHI MINH CITY
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: Coronary CT angiography, spectral CT, virtual non-contrast images . At Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, the spectral CT system has brought significant advancements in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The post-processing applications of spectral CT that are used include: virtual monoenergetic images (MonoE), effective atomic number (Z-effective), iodine density map, iodine no water, virtual non-contrast images (VNC), and enhanced visualization of contrast-enhancing structures. The diverse types of images obtained from the spectral CT technique bring many benefits such as reducing the contrast media dose for patients and reducing artifacts to improve image quality, thereby helping to more accurately assess the degree of coronary stenosis. Iodine maps also help assess myocardial perfusion status, providing more comprehensive and accurate information about coronary artery disease. The use of VNC to calculate the calcium score as a replacement for true non-contrast (TNC) images is currently in the research phase at Thong Nhat Hospital with promising initial results, holding the promise of replacing TNC in CS assessment, thereby reducing the radiation dose for patients. This article aims to present the applications of spectral CT and actual clinical cases at Thong Nhat Hospital - Ho Chi Minh City to clarify the application of spectral CT in the evaluation of coronary artery disease.
ADVANCES IN FLEXIBLE BRONCHOSCOPY FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF LUNG CANCER
Section: Review Article Categories: Research Keywords: flexible bronchoscopy (FB), lung cancer Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death. In central airway lesions, flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is the diagnostic backbone, as it allows direct visualization, lesion localization, and sampling, while integrating new technologies such as autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB), narrow-band imaging (NBI), endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), electromagnetic/CBCT-guided navigation bronchoscopy (ENB, CBCT), robotic bronchoscopy, and “real-time pathology” techniques such as confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). Over the past 5–7 years, evidence shows these technologies significantly enhance sensitivity/early detection, increase diagnostic yield for small peripheral nodules, reduce complications compared with transthoracic biopsy, and open the era of artificial intelligence (AI) for lesion recognition and procedural training. This article summarizes key advances, clinical impact, limitations, and implementation prospects in Vietnam.